Function
Collars D transfer tension forces to
collars B when pipeline elongates in tension
Collars C transfer forces in compression by closing of adjoining
slots.
Collars
E transfer tension forces by closing of slots when the pipeline
elongates in tension.
Annulus between collars C and the
pipeline is sufficient to facilitate continuous bending and control
of the ovality.
The section modulus of the collars are added to the pipeline when
the slots and gaps close resulting in discontinued yielding.
Components shown in green are of pipeline grade and red of high
strength material.
All
components are corrosion coated with thermal spray aluminum (TSA).
Length
of pipe section subjected to bending depends on the selected bend
angle and strain level.
